Encyclopedia of Jews in the Islamic World

À bout de souffle (Breathless, film, Godard), music of, Solal, Martial A‘arokh Mehallel Nivi (I Will Compose Praise with My Words, poem, Ben Ḥassin), Ben Ḥassin, DavidAaron, spiritual relationship to Moses, Shiʽa and the JewsAaron of Baghdad, Southern Italy and BariAaron ben Aaron, Jebel NafusaAaron ben Amram, Aaron ben Amram, Court Jews, Joseph ben PhinehasAaron ben Asher, SyriaAaron ben Elijah of Nicomedia, Bible ExegesisAaron ben Jeshua see‘Abū ’l-Faraj Hārūn ibn FarajAaron ben Joseph, Kalām, Bible ExegesisAaron ben Mashiaḥ, Judeo-Persian LiteratureAaron ben Me’ir (gaon…

Abū ‘Imrān al-Fāsī, Ibn ʿAṭāʾ, Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm (Abraham ben Nathan)Abū ‘Imrān al-Tiflīsī, Malik al-Ramlī, Abū ʿImrān al-TiflīsīAbū ‘Isā al-Isfahānī, Iran/Persia, Isfahan, Messianism, Shiʽa and the Jews, Abū ʿIsā of Isfahan, Hamadan, YūdghānAbū Isḥāq seeIbn al-Ḥarīzī, AbrahamAbū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm ibn ‘Aṭā’ seeIbn ‘Aṭā’Abu Iyad (Palestinian terrorist), Romano, JosephAbū Ja‘far Ibn Bābawayh, Polemics (Muslim-Jewish)Abū ’l-Jaysh Mujāhid (Taifa King), DeniaAbū ’l-Karam al-Dārānī, BukharaAbū ’l-Kathīr Yaḥyā ibn Zakariyyā’ (d. ca. 932), Abū 'l-Kathīr Yaḥyā ibn Za…

Ādurbād ī Ēmēdān, Zoroastrians, (Jewish relations with)adventure stories, translations into Hebrew, Literature, Hebrew Prose (medieval) The Adventures of Tintin (film, Spielberg), Elmaleh, GadAdvertisement Foundation (Istanbul), Medina, Cefi (Jeffi)advertising sector  in Turkey, Medina, Cefi (Jeffi)  Jewish involvement in, Acıman, Eli, Barouh, N. Izidor, Barouh, Yakup, Scialom, Sedat Adwā’ ‘alā ’l-Ṣahyūniyya (Illuminations on Zionism, al-Sa‘danī), Anti-Judaism/Antisemitism/Anti-ZionismAegean Sea, coastal region, Jewish communities in, Aegean Sea,…

​ Akhbār Baghdād (Chronicle of Baghdad, Nathan ha-Bavlī), Yeshivot in Babylonia/Iraq, Joseph ben Phinehas, Kohen Ṣedeq ben Joseph Gaon, Nathan ha-Bavlī on Bar Saṭya, Bar Saṭya, Joseph ben Jacob on exilarchate appointments, Baghdad on seating arrangements in yeshivot, Alluf Akhbār Majmū‘a (Arab chronicle), Al-Andalus, Muslim conquests and the Jews, Seville akhnif (cloak), Clothing, Jewelry and Make-up Aki Yerushalaim: Revista Kulturala Djudeo-Espanyola (periodical, Israel), Shaul, Moshe Akiva (The Hope, newspaper, Turkey), Turkish RepublicAkka (Morocco)  Jewish com…

“Alexandria, Egypt: Modern” (article, Elijah Bekhor Ḥazzan), Ḥazzan, Elijah BekhorAlexandru Moruzi (prince of Moldavia), Romania (Ottoman)Aley (Lebanon), Jewish community in, synagogues of, Lebanon ‘Aley Nahar (Harari-Raful), Harari-Raful, Nissim ben IsaiahAlfakhar, Judah ben Joseph, SevilleAlfandari, Aaron ben Moses, Alfandari, Aaron ben Moses, Rosanes (Rosales) FamilyAlfandari, David, Alfandari FamilyAlfandari, David ben Abraham, Bible ExegesisAlfandari, Elijah, Alfandari FamilyAlfandari, Elijah ben Jacob, Alfandari FamilyAlfandari, Ḥayyim, Qimḥi/Qamḥ…

‘Alī Burghul (ruler of Tripoli), Khalfon, Abraham‘Alī ibn Abī al-Ṭālib (fourth caliph, Muḥammad’s cousin and son-in-law, r. 656-661), Muslim conquests and the Jews, Shiʽa and the Jews, Shiʽa and the Jews, Court Jews and Noah, Shiʽa and the Jews spiritual relationship to Muḥammad, Shiʽa and the Jews‘Alī ibn al-Furāt, Aaron ben Amram‘Alī ibn ‘Īsā (vizier), Cairo Geniza, Joseph ben Phinehas‘Alī ibn Mahdī, Messianism, Messianism‘Alī ibn Mujāhid, Ibn Yashūsh, Isaac (Abū Ibrāhīm) Ibn Qasṭār‘Alī ibn Mūsā al-Riḍā (8th Shī‘ī imam), Polemics (Muslim-Jewish), Mashhad‘Alī ibn Sulaymān…

​ ​Alliance Israélite Universelle (AIU), Alliance Israélite Universelle Network, Camondo, Abraham de, École Normale Israélite Orientale, Paris, Judeo-Spanish Literature, Education, Club des Intimes, Salonica, Fernandez, Isaac, Hilfsverein der Deutschen Juden, La Nation (Salonica), L’Aurore (Istanbul) activities   in Morocco, Casablanca, Morocco, Morocco   special status of Jews in Morocco requested, Dahan, Jacques  in Ottoman Empire, Ottoman Empire  social support, in Edirne, Edirne (Adrianople) alumni associations/graduates, Nahoum (Nahum), Haim (Ḥayyim), Fernandez, Isaac, L’Avenir Illustré (Casablanca), Ribbi, Abraham  influence in Ottoman Empire (Alliancists), Ottoman Empire  journalists, Journalism  in Morocco, Morocco   Fez, Fez  in Salonica, Nehama, Joseph, Salonica (Thessaloniki; Selanik)  in Tunisia, Gelbmann, Hortense  in Turkey    Edirne, Edirne (Adrianople)   Istanbul, Zionism Among Sephardi/Mizraḥi Jewry autonomy of schools of, Sémach, Yomtob Central Committee, Alliance Isra…

Almosnino, Abraham, Almosnino, IsaacAlmosnino, Isaac, Almosnino, IsaacAlmosnino, Joseph, Serbia, Ibn Ḥayyim, Aaron ben AbrahamAlmosnino, Joseph ben Isaac, Belgrade, Almosnino, Joseph ben IsaacAlmosnino, Moses ben Baruch, Balkans, Judeo-Spanish Literature, Sephardi Jurisprudence in the Past Half-Millennium, Salonica (Thessaloniki; Selanik), Almosnino, Moses ben Baruch writings of, Almosnino, Moses ben BaruchAlmosnino, Samuel, Levi (Le-Vet Ha-Levi) Family, SalonicaAlmosnino family, Almosnino, Moses ben Baruch almoxarife (collector of revenues), Jews as,…

anti- dhimmī measures  in Fatimid caliphate, Egypt, Palestine, Tustarī Family in Mamluk Egypt, Egyptanti-European violence, in Casablanca (1906), Zagury, Yaḥyāanti-French violence, in Syria (1936), Syriaanti-Greek violence, in Istanbul, Turkish RepublicAnti-Jewish Leagues (Algeria), Oran ​anti-Jewish measures  in Algeria, Constantine, Anti-Judaism/Antisemitism/Anti-Zionism of Almohads, Maimonides, Moses of Almoravids, Almoravids, Almoravids in al-Andalus, Al-Andalus, Spain, Niebla in Central Asia   Bukhara, Bukhara  Turkestan, Bukhara in the Crimea, Krymchaks…

​al-Andalus, Al-Andalus anti-dhimmi sentiments in, Ibn Naghrella, Samuel (Abū Ibrāhim Ismāʿīl) ben Joseph ha-Nagid anti-Jewish measures in, Al-Andalus, Spain, Niebla anti-Jewish violence in   in 1066, Al-Andalus    see alsoGranada  in 1391, Jaén Arab minority in, Al-Andalus Arabic tradition of, Barcelona Christian-Jewish relations in, Al-Andalus Christians in, Al-Andalus  dhimma laws in, Dhimma Jewish culture in, Al-Andalus, Al-Andalus, Sephardi (Sephardim), David (Abū ʾl-Ḥasan) ben al-Dayyan  in Almohad period, Al-Andalus  Arabic influences on, Court Jews  art, Art of Islamic Lands  Christian influences on, Lit…

anti-Judaism/antisemitism  in Algeria, Algiers, Crémieux Decree, Mostaganem, Médéa, Hanin, Roger  fights against, Aboulker, Henri  French colonial period, Anti-Judaism/Antisemitism/Anti-Zionism, Constantine Riots (1934), Algeria, Algeria, Oran, Tiaret (Tahert), Batna   Crémieux Decree, Tlemcen, Sidi Bel Abbès   Vichy regime, Anti-Judaism/Antisemitism/Anti-Zionism, Algeria, Derrida, Jacques, Internment Camps (WWII), Internment Camps (WWII), Béchar (Colomb-Béchar)  Miliana, Miliana  Oran, Oran, Oran, Oran  Souk-Ahras, Souk-Ahras in Balkans, Ba…

​  affinities with Hebrew and Aramaic, Judeo-Arabic - History and Linguistic Description  and Bible exegesis, Bible Exegesis  ​Classical, Judeo-Arabic - History and Linguistic Description, Judeo-Arabic - History and Linguistic Description, Judeo-Arabic - History and Linguistic Description Egyptian-Sudanese, Sudan grammar   Basran school of, ʾAbū al-Faraj Hā…

Arbib, Raffaele, Arbib familyArbib, Roberto, Arbib familyArbib, Ruben, Arbib familyArbib, Simon, Arbib, LilloArbib family, Arbib familyArbil (Iraq), Jewish community in, Arbilal-Arbīlī, Eli ben Zechariah, Gaon and GaonateArcady, Alexandre, Cinema, French, North African Jewish Actors and Characters in, France, Hanin, RogerArchaemenid period (550-330 B.C.E.), Judeo-Persian spoken in, Judeo-Persian languagearcheology, evidence from, of Jewish presence in ancient Tunisia, Tunisiaarchitecture  of Ahrida synagogue (Istanbul), Ahrida Synagogue (Balat) Persian, of …

Aaron ben Amram—or, as his name is given in Arabic sources, Hārūn ibn ʿImrān—lived in the second half of the ninth century and the first quarter of the tenth. He apparently began his career as a trader, as in one Arabic source he and his partner, Joseph ben Phinehas , are referred to as al-tujjār (the merchants). Eventually he became a jahbadh (banker). In this capacity, with responsibility for administering, remitting, and supplying funds, Aaron, together with the jahbadh Joseph ben Phinehas (Yūsuf ibn Fīnḥās), played a key role in the financial administration of the ʿAbbasid empire.The b…

In 921, a conflict erupted between the Babylonian yeshivot and the Palestinian yeshiva over the day on which the Passover holiday should be celebrated in 922. According to the Palestinians, the first day of Passover would be a Sunday, whereas the Babylonians held that it would be a Tuesday. The ensuing dispute was but one element in the ongoing struggle in the gaonic pe riod between the  Babylonian yeshivot and the Palestinian yeshiva for hegemony over the world’s Jewish communities. Both the calendar dispute and the overall conflict ended in a Babylonian victory.Aaron ben Me’ir led t…

Aaron ben Abraham Ḥakīmān, who lived toward the middle of the fourteenth century in Iraq, is known to us from his unique and unfortunately lacunal dīwān (poetry collection), containing 115 folios, in the Russian National Library (St. Petersburg), identified by Schirmann as MS 72 of the second Firkovitch collection (= no. 47406 in the JTS Schocken Institute online catalogue). From the variety of poetic compositions (including maqāmāt and muwashshaḥāt) in this dīwān, it is clear that Aaron was well acquainted with classical Arabic poetry, both Jewish and Muslim, and …

​Ashkelon (Israel)  in Fatimid period, and anti- dhimmī decrees of al-Ḥākim, Tustarī Family Jewish community in, Palestine, Palestine  deported from Jerusalem by Crusaders, Palestine  synagogues, Tazenakht mayor of, Abuḥaṣera, Barukh (Baba Barukh) Samaritans in, Samaritans under Muslim RuleAshkenazi, Abraham, Sephardi Jurisprudence in the Past Half-Millennium, Usque, SolomonAshkenazi, Abraham ben Raphael, Ashkenazi, Judah Ben JosephAshkenazi, Abraham Qalmanaqesh, Aben Ṣur FamilyAshkenazi, Azariah Joshua, IzmirAshkenazi, Behor, Ashkenazi, Bekhor (Behor Efendi)…

astronomical tables  of Alfonso, X, Judah ben Moses ha-Kohen of Bar Ḥiyya, Abraham bar Ḥiyya of Zacuto, Science (Medieval)astronomy  Aristotelian influences on, Science (Medieval) calculations in, Ibn Matqa, Judah ben Solomon ha-Kohen, Ḥasan ben Mar Ḥasan observations of, used in religious calendars, Karaism study of   by Abraham of Toledo, Abraham of Toledo  by Ibn Tibbon, Jacob ben Machir, Ibn Tibbon, Jacob ben Machir writings on   by Dunash ben Tamīm, Dunash (Abū Sahl) ben Tamīm  by Ibn Ezra, Abraham, Ibn Ezra, Abraham (Abu Iṣḥāq), Ibn Ezra, Abraham (Abu Iṣḥāq)Astruc, I…

​ azharot (exhortations/hymns, poetic

Mordechai Abbadi, born in Aleppo in 1826, was a rabbi, judge, and distinguished sage. Renowned for his enormous command of legal and mystical literature, he reputedly composed his first novellae on the Talmud at the age of fifteen. His influence in the realm of Kabbala continued after his lifetime through the activities of his students Ḥayyim Saul Duwayk and Jacob Saul Duwayk (Duwayk Family), the latter of whom composed Abbadi's eulogy. Abbadi was influenced by the Bet El school of kabbalists (Bet El Kabbalists) and their quest for a purely Lurianic interpretation of Ka…